Translation of non-standard codon nucleotides reveals minimal requirements for codon-anticodon interactions

The influence of anticodon-codon interactions and modified bases on codon usage bias in bacteria.

Most transfer RNAs (tRNAs) can translate more than one synonymous codon, and most codons can be translated by more than one isoacceptor tRNA. The rates of translation of synonymous codons are dependent on the concentrations of the tRNAs and on the rates of pairing of each anticodon-codon combination. Translational selection causes a significant bias in codon frequencies in highly expressed gene...

Yeast tRNAAsp: codon and wobble codon-anticodon interactions. A transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement study.

The conformations of the ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates GpApC and GpApU, the codon and wobble codon for aspartic acid respectively, bound to yeast tRNAAsp in solution, have been examined by means of time-dependent transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements to determine distances between bound ligand protons. The conformations of the two bound ribotrinucleoside bisphosphates are sh...

Analysis of interactions between the codon-anticodon duplexes within the ribosome: their role in translation.

Computer graphics simulation of interactions between the codon-anticodon duplexes formed by normal elongator tRNAs at the ribosomal A, P and E-sites (the AP and PE interduplex interactions) was made. This demonstrated that only the correct duplexes at the A-site are compatible with the AP interduplex interaction. The selection of synonymous codons and anticodon wobble bases, together with the A...

Codon--anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis.

A minimum principle in codon-anticodon interaction

Imposing a minimum principle in the framework of the so-called crystal basis model of the genetic code, we determine the structure of the minimum set of anticodons which allows the translational-transcription for animal mitochondrial code. The results are in very good agreement with the observed anticodons.